Mapping the Cognitive Model for Single-Word Processing onto Brain Dynamics

Background: The human brain can process single words during different tasks and via different modalities. We can hear the word ‘apple’ and repeat it out loud, or we see the word written on a page and read it, or we think of its concept, or see an image of it, and name it out loud. These three tasks (word repetition, reading and naming) require different computations at early stages, but share others at higher, amodal, levels.