Implicit social bias

In western countries, people report holding fewer racist and sexist attitudes than a decade ago, yet discrimination and inequalities persist (Charlesworth and Banaji 2022). This issue can be examined at two interrelated levels: the systemic roots of racism and sexism, well-documented by sociological research, and the individual-level reproduction of inequalities through implicit associations between appearance or group membership and traits, beliefs or attitudes, which can bias behavior. To fight discrimination and inequalities, it is crucial to address both levels.